Earthworms primarily consume decaying organic matter. This includes decomposing leaves, dead roots, fungi, and other soil microorganisms. They ingest soil containing this matter, extracting nutrients as it passes through their digestive system. Moisture intake is also critical; earthworms absorb water directly through their skin to maintain hydration. This is essential for respiration and overall physiological function.
The nutritional intake of these creatures has profound implications for soil health. By processing organic debris, they contribute significantly to decomposition, accelerating nutrient cycling and making these elements available to plants. Historically, observations of the positive correlation between earthworm presence and soil fertility have been documented, leading to their recognition as beneficial organisms in agriculture and gardening practices.
